| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/-, *Kyrguj, *Kyragan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hawk, falcon 2 faultless (of a bird of prey) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿñòðåá, ñîêîë 2 ëîâêèé, áüþùèé áåç ïðîìàõà (î ëîâ÷åé ïòèöå) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|uj 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrg|aj, kyrg|y 1, kuran (dial.) 'hawk', kyrkaw (dial., R.) 'a k. of hawk' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|u (Pav. C.), qyrg|y (Ettuhf.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|ij 1, qiro|nqara 'îðåë-ìîãèëüíèê' | face="Times New Roman Star"g|urg|uj, qarg|aj 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xyza 1, xyrg|yjax 'young hawk' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"x@rxi 1, x@re|n 'kite' | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrbyj 'ñåðûé ñîêîë, ñîêîë-÷åãëîê, ÿñòðåá' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyra:n, qyran 1, 2, qyrg|yj, qyjg|yr 1, qyrg|yjek 'young hawk' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|yr (dial.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj, qyrqyn, qyrxyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 266, 269, EDT 654-655, ÝÑÒß 6, 231, 232-235. Turk. *Kyrguj 'falcon' > Mong. kirg|ui, see Ùåðáàê 1997, 139. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrgak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"edge | face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|ag| (MK) 'selvage, edge' | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrak | face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj | face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg|, qyrag| (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|o|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)g|aq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GyraG |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xri, xyryj, xyryg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg| | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag| | face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ | face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: | face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyru: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyraq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, EDT 653, ÝÑÒß 6, 242-244, Stachowski 170. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"forty | face="Times New Roman Star"ñîðîê | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrk | face="Times New Roman Star"qyryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qirq | face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)q |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrx | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"xyryx | face="Times New Roman Star"qyryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq, qyryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@x |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrx, qyryx | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 651, VEWT 266, Ëåêñèêà 573, ÝÑÒß 6, 235-236. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ìóðàâåé | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursg|a (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"komursg|a (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrmysqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa (Pav. C.), qumursug|a (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gumursg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"xumusxa, xymysxa | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrtas?, qumystas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qomursqa | face="Times New Roman Star"Gumurg|a:c? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kymyrdag|as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymysqajaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrt|qa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa, qumursqa, qumurc?xa |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumurstqa, qumurstqu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumusqa, qomusq@n | face="Times New Roman Star"xomursg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 628, VEWT 300, Ëåêñèêà 183-184, ÝÑÒß 6, 140-141. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to shear, scrape | face="Times New Roman Star"ñòðè÷ü, ñêðåñòè | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrk- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qirq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)q- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrx- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"xyryx- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-, qyrqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kyrt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|y- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 651, VEWT 266, ÝÑÒß 6, 236-237. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrtyl/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 surface 2 bark, upper layer | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâåðõíîñòü 2 êîðà, âåðõíèé ñëîé | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtys? (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? (Houts.) 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 267, EDT 649, Ëåêñèêà 391-392, ÝÑÒß 6, 241-242. Cf. also forms reflecting *Kyryl/: Yak. kyrys 'thin layer under skin', Tur. kyrys? 'wrinkled', Az. Gyrys? 'wrinkle' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 242), as well as *Kyrc?a(n|) 'scab' (see ibid., 244-245). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kysyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 barren (cow) 2 barren mare | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿëîâàÿ (êîðîâà) 2 ÿëîâàÿ êîáûëà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysraq 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kysyr 1, kysrak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr (Pav. C.) 1, qysyraq 2 (Houts., Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, GysraG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, Gysraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xyzyr 1, xyzyrax 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@r 1, k@sre 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kytara:- 'ñòàòü ñòàðîäîéíîþ, ÿëîâåòü' | face="Times New Roman Star"kytarak 'barren' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1, qyzyraq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyt|yr 1, qyt|yraq (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 668-669, VEWT 267, 268, ÝÑÒß 6, 249-251, Stachowski 170. Turk. > Kalm. ki:sr, KW 234 (but Doerfer TMN 3, 476 objects, saying that Kalm. is a "dialektische Variante von ku":sr < ke'u"-ser"); > Mong. qusuran| / kisuran| 'barren (cow)' > Man. kisari. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kys- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 short 2 narrow 3 to squeeze | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîòêèé 2 óçêèé 3 ñäàâëèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qysg|a (Orkh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qys- 3 (MK, KB), qysyg| 2 (MK), qysqa 1 (KB), qysg|a 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kysa 1, kys- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qys- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 (Abush.), qys- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa, qysGa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gysa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa 1, Gys- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xysxa 1, xys- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@k 2, x@s- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhaj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhalga 'straits, sorrow' ( = Yak. kyhalga) | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qy's- 4, qyzy: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qy'sqa 1, qy's- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysxa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qsyqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysGa 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kys-ga 'short' is derived from PT *Kys- 'to press, squeeze'. See VEWT 267, EDT 665-7, ÝÑÒß 6, 251-253, Stachowski 167. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"winter | face="Times New Roman Star"çèìà | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qis? | face="Times New Roman Star"qis? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys | face="Times New Roman Star"Gys? | face="Times New Roman Star"Gys? | face="Times New Roman Star"xys | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"x@l | face="Times New Roman Star"kys, kyhyn | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qy`s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys | face="Times New Roman Star"qys | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qys |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qys? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 670, VEWT 268, TMN 3, 479, Ëåêñèêà 75-76, ÝÑÒß 6, 253-254, Stachowski 167-168. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 girl 2 woman | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äåâóøêà 2 æåíùèíà | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xys 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"x@r 1, x@r-(arúm) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyd| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, TMN 3, 569-70, EDT 679-80, Ëåêñèêà 295, 318, ÝÑÒß 6, 190-191, Stachowski 172. For PT one should reconstruct variants *ky:r//*ky:r (they are reflected in several derivatives, e.g. *Ky:r-kyn, see Ëåêñèêà 317-318, ÝÑÒß 6, 237, *Kyr-nak, see TMN 3, 456, ÝÑÒß 6, 240). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/ak, *Kyr/agu | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sledge | face="Times New Roman Star"ñàíè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kyzak | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzaw 'êóçîâ' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzaq (AH) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quzuq 'êðîâàòü' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xiza"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qud|y 'ëóêîøêî' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 expensive, miserly 2 to wish, envy, be miserly | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äîðîãîé, ñêóïîé 2 æåëàòü, çàâèäîâàòü, ñêóïèòüñÿ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Ettuhf., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qizg|an- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qizg|an- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qysqan- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"x@rg|en- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kysan- 'íóæäàòüñÿ, èìåòü íàäîáíîñòü' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, EDT 680, Ëåêñèêà 339, ÝÑÒß 6, 248-249. The root is also attested as kyrs in Tur. dialects, and as qyrzan- in Tuva The verbal form *Kyr/-gan- is sometimes attested as qysg|an- due to a contamination with *Kys-ga- 'short, narrow' (v. sub *ki/so). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"red | face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qizil | face="Times New Roman Star"qizil | face="Times New Roman Star"qizil | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"xyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"x@rl@ | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyl | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyzil | face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl | face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kyr/-yl 'red' is derived from *Ky:r/- 'to redden; glow' (Turkm. Gyz-, Tur. kyz- etc.), where length is witnessed by Yak. ky:s-. One has to assume shortening in polysyllabic derivatives (besides *Kyr/yl also *Kyr/-yk-, *Kyr/l-ar-), with secondary analogical shortening in Turkm. Gyz-; see VEWT 269, EDT 681, 683-4, TMN 3, 469, Ëåêñèêà 602-603, ÝÑÒß 6, 187-189, 194-196, Stachowski 167. Cf. also *Ky:r 'grey' (VEWT 265, TMN 3, 567, ÝÑÒß 6, 229-230). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to criticize, malice | face="Times New Roman Star"êðèòèêîâàòü, çëîáñòâîâàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?ur- (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|y- (R.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z?|yt 'reproach' | face="Times New Roman Star"xysxar- 'to reproach, blame', xyz?|yr- 'to tease smb.' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ky:hyr- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yry- 'to tease, ridicule' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|yn- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 59. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to embrace | face="Times New Roman Star"îáíèìàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuz?|-, koc?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?- | face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Guz?|- | face="Times New Roman Star"Guc?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku:s- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku:s- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 590, VEWT 295-296, ÝÑÒß 6, 105-106, Stachowski 163. Shortening in Turkm. is unclear (length in Yak. and voicing -c?- > -z?|- in Tur., Az. point to *-u:-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kud- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pour out (water) 2 to pour 3 well | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëèòü 2 ñûïàòü 3 êîëîäåö | face="Times New Roman Star"qud- 1 (OUigh.), qudug| 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (MK), qud|ug| 3 (MK, QB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuju 3, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (Sangl.), qujy 3 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quz- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guj- 1, 2, Gujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xus- 1, 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quspaq 'áîëüøîé òóåñ' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xyv- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kut- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qut- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qut-/d- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296, EDT 596, 598, ÝÑÒß 2000, 109-111, 119-120, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 102, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 379. The root contained undoubtedly *-d-, but variants with *-j- are attested unusually early. Turk. > MMong. g|uduh (SH), WMong. qudug| (whence backwards > Turkm. Guduk, Uygh. quduq, Khak. xutux etc.), see EDT ibid., KW 194, Ùåðáàê 1997, 143, TMN 1, 395-396, Stachowski 162. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kun/ak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 armour 2 skin | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàíöèðü 2 øêóðà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qujaq 1, qujqa 2 (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qojqa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qujaq 1 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xujax 1, xujg|a 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qujaq 1, qujqa 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kuj ax 1, kujaxa 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qujaq 1, qujg|a 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qujaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 1, qujqa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qujqa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qujqa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qojqa 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qujqa 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 676, VEWT 301, Ëåêñèêà 576, ÝÑÒß 6, 111, 113, Stachowski 161. Turk. > Mong. qujiqa 'skin from the head' (whence Evk. kuika etc., see Doerfer MT 132; Dolg. kujka 'head skin', see Stachowski 160). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kudruk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tail | face="Times New Roman Star"õâîñò | face="Times New Roman Star"qudruq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qud|ruq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kujruk | face="Times New Roman Star"qojryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq, qujrug| (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"Guzuruq | face="Times New Roman Star"GujruG | face="Times New Roman Star"Gujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"xuzurux | face="Times New Roman Star"quzuruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qurduq | face="Times New Roman Star"xu"re | face="Times New Roman Star"kuturuk | face="Times New Roman Star"kuturuk | face="Times New Roman Star"quduruq | face="Times New Roman Star"quduruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_jryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qojroq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qurjux | face="Times New Roman Star"qujryq | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurux| | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296b, EDT 604, Ëåêñèêà 145, ÝÑÒß 6, 114-117, Stachowski 163. Cf. also MK qud|urg|un 'tail strap' (Ëåêñèêà 553). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kul | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"slave, servant | face="Times New Roman Star"ñëóãà, ðàá | face="Times New Roman Star"qul (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qul (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kul | face="Times New Roman Star"qol | face="Times New Roman Star"qul (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"Gul | face="Times New Roman Star"Gul | face="Times New Roman Star"xul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"kulut | face="Times New Roman Star"kulut | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qol | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 297, TMN 3, 503-505, EDT 615, Ëåêñèêà 318, ÝÑÒß 6, 120-121, Stachowski 160. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kula | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"light yellow, brown | face="Times New Roman Star"æåëòûé, ñàâðàñûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kula | face="Times New Roman Star"qola | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (AH, Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"xula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|la |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qola |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 617, VEWT 298, ÝÑÒß 6, 121-122. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
